ABOUT IMIDs(IMMUNE MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES)
A diverse group of chronic, systemic disorders characterized by abnormal, tissue damaging immune system responses and shared inflammatory pathways.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
A chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the synovial joints, potentially resulting in progressive joint damage.
Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling and tenderness,Morning stiffness, often lasting over 30 minutes ,Symmetrical involvement of small joints of the hands and feet,Fatigue and reduced joint mobility
Complications: Joint deformities, erosions, subluxation, tendon rupture, atlantoaxial subluxation, rheumatoid nodules, vasculitis, episcleritis, scleritis, secondary Sjögren syndrome, interstitial lung disease, pleural effusion, pericarditis, anaemia, Felty syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, nerve entrapment, AA amyloidosis, infections, osteoporosis, drug induced hepatotoxicity and bone marrow suppression
ULCERATIVE COLITIS(UC)
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by continuous inflammation of the colonic mucosa, typically beginning in the rectum and extending proximally.
Symptoms:Diarrhoea, often with blood or mucus,Rectal bleeding and urgency,Abdominal pain and cramping,Increased stool frequency, fatigue and weight loss during active disease.
Complications:Toxic megacolon,Colonic perforation,Severe haemorrhage,Colorectal carcinoma,Strictures,Extraintestinal manifestations: arthritis, uveitis, erythema nodosum,
pyoderma gangrenosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC),Anaemia, dehydration and thromboembolism
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (PsA) :
A chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease associated with psoriasis, affecting peripheral joints, entheses and, in some patients, the axial skeleton.
Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling and stiffness,Dactylitis (diffuse swelling of an entire finger or toe),Enthesitis, commonly causing heel pain, Psoriatic skin plaques and nail pitting or separation
Complications: Joint deformities, erosive arthritis, arthritis mutilans, ankylosis, dactylitis, enthesitis, sacroiliitis, spondylitis, uveitis, reduced joint function, disability, and cardiovascular comorbidities.
A chronic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, belonging to the axial spondyloarthritis spectrum.
Symptoms: Chronic back pain beginning typically before age 45,Morning stiffness and pain after periods of rest,Improvement with exercise or movement,Reduced spinal flexibility and, in advanced disease, restricted chest expansion
Complications: Spinal stiffness and deformity (kyphosis), reduced spinal mobility, vertebral fractures, atlantoaxial subluxation, osteoporosis, acute anterior uveitis, aortic regurgitation, conduction defects, apical pulmonary fibrosis, cauda equina syndrome, and secondary amyloidosis (rare).
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